четвъртък, 13 септември 2012 г.

Architecture-Tadao Ando / Архитектура-Тадо Андо


                                 Tadao Ando

Born September 13, 1941 (age 70)
Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan
Nationality Japanese
Awards Alvar Aalto Medal, 1985
Pritzker Prize , 1995
RIBA Royal Gold Medal, 1997
AIA Gold Medal , 2002
Neutra Medal for Professional Excellence, 2012
Architectural career
Practice Tadao Ando Architects & Associates
Buildings Row House, Sumiyoshi, 1979
Church of the Light , Osaka, 1989
Water Temple, Awaji, 1991
Projects Rokko Housing I, II, III, Kobe, 1983-1999



Tadao Ando (安藤 忠雄 Andō Tadao?, born September 13, 1941, in Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan and raised in Asahi-ku in the city) is a Japanese architect whose approach to architecture was categorized by Francesco Dal Co as critical regionalism. Ando has led a storied life, working as a truck driver and boxer prior to settling on the profession of architecture, despite never having taken formal training in the field. He visited buildings designed by renowned architects like Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Kahn before returning to Osaka in 1968 and established his own design studio, Tadao Ando Architect and Associates.



Style

Ando has strong culture backgrounds in Japan, where he is raised and also currently stays. The Japanese religion and life style influenced him a lot in this design style in terms of architecture. His style in architecture is said to create "haiku" effect, and also emphasize the nothingness to represent the beauty of simplicity. Yet he likes to design architecture with complex spatial circulation while the appearance is simple. As a self-taught architect, he keeps his Japanese culture and language tightly in his mind while he travels around Europe for learning experience. As an architect, he believes that architecture can change the society--"to change the dwelling is to change the city and to reform society" [1]. "Reform society" could be a promotion of a place or a change of the identity of that place. According to Werner Blaser, "Good buildings by Tadao Ando create memorable identity and therefore publicity, which in turn attracts the public and promotes market penetration" [2].

The simplicity of his architecture emphasizes the concept of sensation and physical experiences, mainly influenced by the Japanese culture. The religious term, Zen, focuses on the concept of simplicity and concentrates on the inner feeling rather than the appearance. The theory has vividly shown on Ando’s work and definitely become his style that distinguishes other outstanding architects in the world. In order to practice the idea of simplicity, Ando’s architecture is mostly constructed with concrete, which provides his architecture a sense of cleanness and weightiness at the same time. Due to the simplicity of the exterior, the construction and organization of the space are relatively potential in order to represents the aesthetic from sensation.

Unlike most of the religious architecture that mainly focusing on the preservation of history, one of his work, the Komyo-ji Temple in Saijo, Ehime, is made out of wood, which requires repair after each period of time. However, in the perspective of Japanese culture, the most significant concept of the shrine is to be able to spread the divine spirit from the interior and being able to eternalize it through the architecture. Besides Japanese religious architecture, Ando also designs Christian Churches, such as the Church of Light (1989) and the Church in Tarumi (1993). Although there are different characteristic between Japanese and Christian churches, Ando treats them with the similar strategy. In fact, there should be no difference for designing religious architecture and houses. He explains, “we do not need to differentiate one from the other. Dwelling in a house is not only a functional issue, but also a spiritual one. The house is the locus of mind (kokoro), and the mind is the locus of god. Dwelling in a house is a search for the mind (kokoro) as the locus of god, just as one goes to church to search for god. An important role of the church is to enhance this sense of the spiritual. In a spiritual place, people find peace in their mind (kokoro), as in their homeland” [3]. Besides speaking the spirit of the architecture, the association between the nature and the architecture is also his architecture strategy. As an architect, Ando makes his architecture become a way for people to easily experience the spirit and the beauty of the nature through the architecture. He thinks architecture is responsible for performing the attitude of the site and then turning it into visible perceptions. This not only represents his theory of the role of architecture in the society but also shows the reason that he spends so much time studying architecture from his physical experience.

In 1995, Ando won the Pritzker Architecture Prize, considered the highest distinction in the field of architecture.[4] He donated the $100,000 prize money to the orphans of the 1995 Kobe earthquake.[5]

 

 

Buildings and works

 

 


Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe

 

 

Tadao Ando's body of work is known for the creative use of natural light and for architectures that follow the natural forms of the landscape (rather than disturbing the landscape by making it conform to the constructed space of a building). The architect's buildings are often characterized by complex three-dimensional circulation paths. These paths interweave between interior and exterior spaces formed both inside large-scale geometric shapes and in the spaces between them. His "Row House in Sumiyoshi" (Azuma House, 住吉の長屋), a small two-story, cast-in-place concrete house completed in 1976, is an early Ando work which began to show elements of his characteristic style. It consists of three equally sized rectangular volumes: two enclosed volumes of interior spaces separated by an open courtyard. By nature of the courtyard's position between the two interior volumes, it becomes an integral part of the house's circulation system. This house is famous for the contrast of appearance and spatial organization, which allow people to experience the richness of the space within the geometry.

Ando's housing complex at Rokko, just outside Kobe, is a complex warren of terraces and balconies and atriums and shafts. The designs for Rokko Housing One (1983) and for Rokko Housing Two (1993) illustrate a range of issues in the traditional architectural vocabulary—the interplay of solid and void, the alternatives of open and closed, the contrasts of light and darkness. More significantly, Ando's noteworthy achievement in these clustered buildings is site specific—the structures survived undamaged after the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995.[6] New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger argues convincingly that "Ando is right in the Japanese tradition: spareness has always been a part of Japanese architecture, at least since the 16th century; [and] it is not without reason that Frank Lloyd Wright more freely admitted to the influences of Japanese architecture than of anything American."[6] Like, Wright's Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, which did survive the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, site specific decision-making, anticipates seismic activity in Ando's several Hyōgo-Awaji buildings.[7]

 

 

Completed projects list

 

 


Westin Awaji Island hotel






The Church of the Light

 

 

 

 


Piccadilly Gardens landscape redesign by Ando in 2002

 

 

 

 

Building/project Location Country Date
Tomishima House Osaka     Japan                          1973
Uchida House
    Japan                          1974
Uno House Kyoto     Japan                          1974
Hiraoka House Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1974
Shibata House Ashiya, Hyogo Prefecture     Japan                          1974
Tatsumi House Osaka     Japan                          1975
Soseikan-Yamaguchi House Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1975
Takahashi House Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1975
Matsumura House Kobe     Japan                          1975
Row House in Sumiyoshi (Azuma House) Sumiyoshi, Osaka     Japan                          1976
Hirabayashi House Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1976
Bansho House Aichi Prefecture     Japan                          1976
Tezukayama Tower Plaza Sumiyoshi, Osaka     Japan                          1976
Tezukayama House-Manabe House Osaka     Japan                          1977
Wall House (Matsumoto House) Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1977
Glass Block House (Ishihara House) Osaka     Japan                          1978
Okusu House Setagaya, Tokyo     Japan                          1978
Glass Block Wall (Horiuchi House) Sumiyoshi, Osaka     Japan                          1979
Katayama Building Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1979
Onishi House Sumiyoshi, Osaka     Japan                          1979
Matsutani House Kyoto     Japan                          1979
Ueda House Okayama Prefecture     Japan                          1979
STEP Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture     Japan                          1980
Matsumoto House Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture      Japan                          1980
Fuku House Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture      Japan                          1980
Bansho House Addition Aichi Prefecture      Japan                          1981
Koshino House Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1981
Kojima Housing (Sato House) Okayama Prefecture     Japan                          1981
Atelier in Oyodo Osaka     Japan                          1981
Tea House for Soseikan-Yamaguchi House Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1982
Ishii House Shizuoka Prefecture     Japan                          1982
Akabane House Setagaya, Tokyo     Japan                          1982
Kujo Townhouse (Izutsu House) Osaka     Japan                          1982
Rokko Housing One (34.725613°N 135.227564°E) Rokko, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1983 [8]
BIGI Atelier Shibuya, Tokyo     Japan                          1983
Umemiya House Kobe     Japan                          1983
Kaneko House Shibuya, Tokyo     Japan                          1983
Festival Naha, Okinawa prefecture     Japan                          1984
TIME'S Kyoto     Japan                          1984
Koshino House Addition Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1984
MELROSE, Meguro Tokyo     Japan                          1984
Uejo House Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1984
Ota House Okayama Prefecture     Japan                          1984
Moteki House Kobe     Japan                          1984
Shinsaibashi TO Building Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1984 [9]
Iwasa House Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1984
Hata House Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1984
Atelier Yoshie Inaba Shibuya, Tokyo     Japan                          1985
JUN Port Island Building Kobe     Japan                          1985
Mon-petit-chou Kyoto     Japan                          1985
Guest House for Hattori House Osaka     Japan                          1985
Taiyō Cement Headquarters Building Osaka     Japan                          1986
TS Building Osaka     Japan                          1986
Chapel on Mount Rokko Kobe     Japan                          1986
OLD/NEW Rokkov Kobe     Japan                          1986
Kidosaki House Setagaya, Tokyo     Japan                          1986
Fukuhara Clinic Setagaya, Tokyo     Japan                          1986
Sasaki House Minato, Tokyo     Japan                          1986
Main Pavilion for Tennoji Fair Osaka     Japan                          1987
Karaza Theater

                         1987
Ueda House Addition Okayama Prefecture     Japan                          1987
Church on the Water Tomamu, Hokkaido     Japan                          1988
GALLERIA akka Osaka     Japan                          1988
Children's Museum Himeji, Hyōgo     Japan                          1989
Church of the Light (34.818763°N 135.37201°E) Ibaraki Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1989 [10][11][12]
COLLEZIONE Minato, Tokyo     Japan                          1989
Morozoff P&P Studio Kobe     Japan                          1989
RAIKA Headquarters Osaka     Japan                          1989
Natsukawa Memorial Hall Hikone, Shiga     Japan                          1989
Yao Clinic, Neyagawa Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1989
Matsutani House Addition Kyoto     Japan                          1990
Ito House, Setagaya Tokyo     Japan                          1990
Iwasa House Addition Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1990
Garden of Fine Arts Osaka     Japan                          1990
S Building Osaka     Japan                          1990
Water Temple (34.546406°N 134.98813°E) Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1991[13][14]
Atelier in Oyodo II Osaka     Japan                          1991
TIME'S II Kyoto     Japan                          1991
Museum of Literature Himeji, Hyōgo     Japan                          1991
Sayoh Housing Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1991
Minolta Seminar House Kobe     Japan                          1991
Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum Naoshima, Kagawa     Japan                          1995 [2] [3]
Japanese Pavilion for Expo 92 Seville     Spain                          1992
Otemae Art Center Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1992
Forest of Tombs Museum Kumamoto Prefecture     Japan                          1992
Rokko Housing Two Rokko, Kobe     Japan                          1993
Vitra Seminar House Weil am Rhein    Germany                          1993
Gallery Noda Kobe     Japan                          1993
YKK Seminar House Chiba Prefecture     Japan                          1993
Suntory Museum Osaka     Japan                          1994
MAXRAY Headquarters Building Osaka     Japan                          1994
Chikatsu-Asuka Historical Museum Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1994
Kiyo Bank, Sakai Building Sakai, Osaka     Japan                          1994
Garden of Fine Art Kyoto     Japan                          1994
Museum of wood culture Kami, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1994
Inamori Auditorium Kagoshima     Japan                          1994
Nariwa Museum Okayama Prefecture     Japan                          1994
Atelier in Oyodo Annex Osaka     Japan                          1995
Nagaragawa Convention Center Gifu     Japan                          1995
Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum Annex Naoshima, Kagawa Prefecture     Japan                          1995
Meditation Space, UNESCO Paris     France                          1995
Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art Kyoto Prefecture     Japan                          1995 [4]
Shanghai Pusan Ferry Terminal Osaka     Japan                          1996
Museum of Literature II, Himeji Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1996
Gallery Chiisaime (Sawada House) Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1996
Museum of Gojo Culture & Annex Gojo, Nara Prefecture     Japan                          1997
TOTO Seminar House Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1997
Yokogurayama Natural Forest Museum Kochi Prefecture     Japan                          1997
Harima Kogen Higashi Primary School & Junior High School Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1997
Koumi Kogen Museum Nagano Prefecture     Japan                          1997
Eychaner/Lee House Chicago, Illinois    United  States                          1997
Daikoku Denki Headquarters Building Aichi Prefecture     Japan                          1998
Daylight Museum Shiga Prefecture     Japan                           1998
Junichi Watanabe Memorial Hall Sapporo     Japan                          1998
Asahi Shimbun Okayama Bureau Okayama     Japan                          1998
Siddhartha Children and Women Hospital Butwal     Nepal                          1998
Church of the Light Sunday School Ibaraki, Osaka Prefecture     Japan                          1999
Rokko Housing III Kobe     Japan                          1999
Shell Museum, Nishinomiya Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          1999
FABRICA (Benetton Communication Research Center) Treviso     Italy                          2000
Awaji-Yumebutai (34.560983°N 135.008144°E[15]) Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          2000
Rockfield Shizuoka Factory Shizuoka     Japan                          2000
The Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts St. Louis, Missouri     United States                          2001 [5]
Komyo-ji (shrine) Saijō, Ehime prefecture     Japan                          2001
Ryotaro Shiba Memorial Museum Higashiosaka, Osaka prefecture     Japan                          2001
Teatro Armani-Armani World Headquarters Milan     Italy                          2001
Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture     Japan                          2002 link
Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth Fort Worth, Texas     United States                          2002 link
Piccadilly Gardens Manchester    United Kingdom                          2003
4x4 house Kobe     Japan                          2003
Invisible House Treviso     Italy                          2004
Chichu Art Museum Naoshima, Kagawa     Japan                          2004 link
Langen Foundation Neuss Germany                          2004 link
Gunma Insect World Insect Observation Hall Kiryū     Japan                          2005
Picture Book Museum, Iwaki City Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture     Japan                          2005 [16]
Sakanouenokumo Museum Matsuyama, Ehime     Japan                          2006
Morimoto (restaurant) Chelsea Market, Manhattan    United States                          2005[17]
Omotesando Hills, Jingumae 4-Chome Tokyo     Japan                          2006
House in Shiga Ōtsu, Shiga     Japan                          2006
Benesse House Naoshima, Kagawa     Japan                          2006
21 21 DESIGN SIGHT Minato, Tokyo     Japan                          2007
Stone Hill Center, expansion for the Clark Art Institute Williamstown, Massachusetts     United States                          2008 link
Punta della Dogana (restoration) Venice     Italy                          2009 [6] Centro Roberto Garza Sada of Art Arquitecture and Design Monterrey Mexico In process 2012

 

 

Completed projects

 


  • Honpuku Temple(Water Temple)








  • Azuma House









  • Times Gallery








  • Mount Rokko Chapel

     








  • Galleria Akka








  • Kobe Waterfront Plaza built with the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art









  • Gallery Noda

     

     

     

     

     


  • Langen Foundation

     

     

     

     

     


  • Rokko Housing I and II, Kobe

     

     







  • Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art, Kyoto








Projects in progress

Building/project Location Country Date
House, stable, and mausoleum for fashion designer and film director Tom Ford rancho near Santa Fe, New Mexico United States 2009
Rebuilding the Kobe Kaisei Hospital Nada Ward, Kobe Japan 2009
Tokyo Skytree Tokyo Japan 2009
Gate of Creation, Universidad de Monterrey Monterrey Mexico 2009
Capella Niseko Resort and Residences Niseko, Abuta District, Shiribeshi, Hokkaido Prefecture Japan 2010
Interior design of Miklós Ybl Villa Budapest Hungary 2010
Kami-noge Station,Tokyu Corporation Tokyo Japan 2011

Awards

Award Organization/location Country Date
Annual Prize (Row House, Sumiyoshi) Architectural Institute of Japan Japan 1979
Cultural Design Prize (Rokko Housing One and Two) Tokyo Japan 1983
Alvar Aalto Medal Finnish Association of Architects Finland 1985
Gold Medal of Architecture French Academy of Architecture France 1989
Carlsberg Architectural Prize (International) Copenhagen Denmark 1992
Japan Art Academy Prize Tokyo Japan 1993
Pritzker Architecture Prize (International) Chicago United States 1995
Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Paris France 1995
Praemium Imperiale First “FRATE SOLE” Award in Architecture Japan Art Association Japan 1996
Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Paris France 1997
Royal Gold Medal RIBA Great Britain 1997
AIA Gold Medal American Institute of Architects United States 2002
UIA Gold Medal[18] International Union of Architects France 2005
Neutra Medal for Professional Excellence Cal Poly Pomona College of Environmental Design United States 2012

References

  1. ^ Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando”. Taschen, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8228-4895-1.
  2. ^ Werner Blaser, “Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of silence” Birkhäuser, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-6448-3.
  3. ^ Jin Baek, “Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space”. Routledge, 2009. ISBN 978-0-415-47854-0.
  4. ^ Ando 1995, Prtizker Prize web page.
  5. ^ Muschamp, Herbert. (1995). "Among the Fountains with Tadao Ando; Concrete Dreams In the Sun King's Court," New York Times. September 21, 1995.
  6. ^ a b Goldberger, Paul. "Architecture View: 'Laureate' in a Land of Zen and Microchips," The New York Times. April 23, 1995.
  7. ^ Bassin, Joan. "Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel", National Building Museum exhibition.
  8. ^ map
  9. ^ WHAT WE DO IS SECRET » An Encounter
  10. ^ [1]
  11. ^ Church of the Light - Tadao Ando
  12. ^ map
  13. ^ Floornature - architectural news, design and information resource for ceramic tile and stone
  14. ^ map
  15. ^ map
  16. ^ http://www.tadao-ando.com/bio_worksE.html
  17. ^ Meatpacking district—Ando's first project in Manhattan, opened January 2006.
  18. ^ Tadao Ando, UIA 2005 Gold Medalist

Literature

  • Francesco Dal Co. Tadao Ando: Complete Works. Phaidon Press, 1997. ISBN 0-7148-3717-2
  • Kenneth Frampton. Tadao Ando: Buildings, Projects, Writings. Rizzoli International Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-8478-0547-6
  • Randall J. Van Vynckt. International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. St. James Press, 1993. ISBN 1-55862-087-7
  • Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando”. Taschen, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8228-4895-1
  • Werner Blaser, “Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of silence” Birkhäuser, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-6448-3
  • Jin Baek, “Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space”. Routledge, 2009. ISBN 978-0-415-47854-0

External links

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